Introduction to SQL

Relational Database Basics
•   Brief History of SQL
•   Relational Databases
  o Tables
  o Rows
  o Columns
  o Relationships
  o Datatypes
  o Primary Keys
  o Foreign Keys
  o Relational Database Management System
•   Popular Databases
  o Commercial Databases
  o Popular Open Source Databases
  o Valid Object References
•   SQL Statements
  o Database Manipulation Language (DML)
  o Database Definition Language (DDL)
  o Database Control Language (DCL)

Simple SELECTs
•   Introduction to the Northwind Database
•   Some Basics
  o Comments
  o Whitespace and Semi-colons
  o Case Sensitivity
•   SELECTing All Columns in All Rows
•   Exploring the Tables
•   SELECTing Specific Columns
•   Sorting Records
  o Sorting By a Single Column
  o Sorting By Multiple Columns
  o Sorting By Column Position
  o Ascending and Descending Sorts
•   The WHERE Clause and Operator Symbols
  o Checking for Equality
  o Checking for Inequality
  o Checking for Greater or Less Than
  o Checking for NULL
  o WHERE and ORDER BY
•   Using the WHERE clause to check for equality or inequality
•   Using the WHERE clause to check for greater or less than
•   Checking for NULL
•   Using WHERE and ORDER BY Together
•   The WHERE Clause and Operator Words
  o The BETWEEN Operator
  o The IN Operator
  o The LIKE Operator
  o The NOT Operator
•   More SELECTs with WHERE
•   Checking Multiple Conditions
  o AND
  o OR
  o Order of Evaluation
•   Writing SELECTs with Multiple Conditions

Advanced SELECTs
•   Calculated Fields
  o Concatenation
  o Mathematical Calculations
  o Aliases
•   Calculating Fields
•   Aggregate Functions and Grouping
  o Aggregate Functions
  o Grouping Data
  o Selecting Distinct Records
•   Working with Aggregate Functions
•   Built-in Data Manipulation Functions
  o Common Math Functions
  o Common String Functions
  o Common Date Functions
•   Data Manipulation Functions

Subqueries, Joins and Unions
•   Subqueries
•   Joins
  o Table Aliases
  o Multi-table Joins
•   Using Joins
•   Outer Joins
•   Unions
  o UNION ALL
  o UNION Rules
•   Working with Unions

If time allows, one or more of the following may be covered:
•   Conditional Processing with CASE
•   INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
•   Student Challenges – Design your own reports